Cartoon Network.
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Cartoon Network
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Launched
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October 1, 1992
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Owned
by
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Picture
format
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Slogan
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"Are You CN What We're
Sayin'?"
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Country
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United States
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Language
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English (Spanish with SAP)
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Broadcast
area
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National
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Headquarters
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Sister
channel(s)
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Website
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Availability
(channel space shared with Adult Swim) |
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Satellite
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296 (East; HD/SD)
297 (West; SD) |
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176 (East; HD/SD)
177 (West; SD) |
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Cable
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Available
on many cable providers
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Check local listings for channel
number
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1325 (East; HD)
1326 (West; HD) 325 (East; SD) 326 (West; SD) |
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1326 (East; HD)
1327 (West; HD) 325 (East; SD) 326 (West; SD) 3054 (Spanish feed; SD) |
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757 (HD)
257 (SD) |
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351 (HD/SD)
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(available daily from
6:00 AM until 8:00 PM ET/PT)
Watch Cartoon Network |
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Cartoon Network is an American basic
cable and satellite television channel
that is owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time
Warner. The channel airs primarily animated
programming, ranging from action to animated comedy. It was founded by Betty
Cohen and launched on October 1, 1992.
It is primarily aimed at children and teenagers between
the ages of 7–16, and also targets older teens and adults with mature content
during its late night daypart Adult Swim,
which is treated as a separate entity for promotional purposes and as a
separate channel by Nielsen for ratings purposes.[1]
A Spanish language audio track for select programs
is accessible via SAP; some cable and satellite companies offer
the Spanish feed as a separate channel.
As of February 2015, Cartoon Network is available to
approximately 96.4 million pay television households (82.8% of households with
television) in the United States.
History
Development
On
August 4, 1986, Ted Turner's Turner Broadcasting System acquired Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United
Artists from Kirk Kerkorian; due to concerns over the debt load
of his companies, on October 17, 1986, Turner was forced to sell MGM back to
Kerkorian after approximately only 74 days of ownership. However, Turner kept
much of MGM's film and television library made prior to May 1986 (as well as
some of the United Artists library) and formed Turner Entertainment.
On October 3, 1988, its cable channel Turner Network Television was launched and had
gained an audience with its extensive film library. At this time, Turner's
animation library included the MGM cartoon library, the
pre-1948 color Looney Tunes and Merrie
Melodies shorts, the Harman-Ising
Merrie Melodies shorts (except Lady, Play Your Mandolin!), and the Fleischer
Studios/Famous Studios Popeye
cartoons.
In
1991, Turner Entertainment purchased animation studio Hanna-Barbera
Productions for US$320 million.
1990s
The original Cartoon Network logo, used
from October 1, 1992 to June 13, 2004. The logo is still in use as a patent.
On
February 18, 1992, Turner Broadcasting System announced its plans to launch the
Cartoon Network as an outlet for Turner's considerable library of animation. On
October 1, 1992, Cartoon Network played "The Star Spangled Banner"
(which was a tradition whenever a new Turner-owned network launched) and a
video of a person placing a dynamite in an field and then blowing the dynamite
up, the channel's launch then occurred on that day and was hosted by the MGM cartoon character Droopy in a
special event called Droopy's Guide to the Cartoon Network, during which
the first cartoon on the network, The Great Piggy Bank Robbery, was
shown. Initial programming on the channel consisted exclusively of reruns of
classic Warner Bros. cartoons (the pre-1950 Looney
Tunes and Merrie Melodies), the 1933–1957 Popeye
cartoons, MGM cartoons, and Hanna-Barbera
cartoons. At first, cable providers in New
York City, Philadelphia, Washington
D.C., and Detroit
carried the channel.]
By the time the network launched, Cartoon Network had an 8,500-hour cartoon
library. From its launch until 1995, the network's announcers said the
network's name with the word "The" added before "Cartoon
Network", thus calling the network "The Cartoon Network". By the
time that the network debuted, Cartoon Network also operated a programming
block (containing its cartoons) that aired on TNT, entitled "Cartoon
Network on TNT".
Cartoon
Network was not the first cable channel to have relied on cartoons to attract
an audience; however, it was the first 24-hour single-genre channel with
animation as its main theme. Turner Broadcasting System had defied conventional
wisdom before by launching CNN, a channel providing 24-hour news coverage. The concept was
previously thought unlikely to attract a sufficient audience to be particularly
profitable, however the CNN experiment had been successful and Turner hoped
that Cartoon Network would also find success.
Initially,
the channel would broadcast cartoons 24 hours a day. Most of the short cartoons
were aired in half-hour or hour-long packages, usually separated by character
or studio – Down Wit' Droopy D aired old Droopy Dog shorts,
The Tom and Jerry Show presented the classic
cat-and-mouse team, and Bugs and Daffy Tonight provided classic Looney
Tunes shorts. Late Night Black and White showed early black-and-white
cartoons (mostly from the Fleischer
Studios and Walter Lantz cartoons from the 1930s, as well as
black-and-white Merrie Melodies and MGM cartoons), and ToonHeads
would show three shorts with a similar theme and provide trivia about the
cartoons.There was also an afternoon cartoon block called High
Noon Toons, which was hosted by cowboy hand puppets (an example of the
simplicity and imagination the network had in its early years). The majority of
the classic animation that was shown on Cartoon Network no longer air on a
regular basis, with the exception of Tom
and Jerry and Looney Tunes.
A
challenge for Cartoon Network was to overcome its low penetration of existing
cable systems. When launched on October 1, 1992, the channel was only carried
by 233 cable systems. However, it benefited from package
deals. New subscribers to sister channels TNT and TBS could also get access to Cartoon Network
through such deals. The high ratings of Cartoon Network over the following
couple of years led to more cable systems including it. By the end of 1994,
Cartoon Network had become "the fifth most popular cable channel in the
United States".
For
the first few years of Cartoon Network's existence, programming meant for the
channel would also be simulcast on TBS and/or TNT, both of which were still
full-service cable networks that carried a variety of different programming
genera, in order to increase the shows' (and Cartoon Network's) exposure;
examples include The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest,
Cartoon
Planet, SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron
and 2 Stupid Dogs.
The
network's first exclusive original show was The
Moxy Show, an animation anthology series first airing in 1993. The
first series produced by Cartoon Network was Space Ghost Coast to Coast in 1994,
but the show mostly consisted of "recycled animation cells" from the
archives of Hanna-Barbera, being an ironic deconstruction
of a talk
show. It featured live-action guests, mostly consisting of celebrities
which were past their prime or counterculture
figures. A running gag was that the production cost was dubbed
"minimal". The series found its audience among young adults who
appreciated its "hip" perspective.
Kevin Sandler considered Space Ghost Coast
to Coast instrumental in establishing Cartoon Network's appeal to older
audiences. Space Ghost, a 1960s superhero by
Hanna-Barbera, was recast as the star of a talk show
parody. This was arguably the first time the network revived a "classic
animated icon" in an entirely new context for comedic purposes. Grown-ups
who had ceased enjoying the original takes on the characters could find
amusement in the "new ironic and self-referential context" for them.
Promotional shorts such as the "Scooby-Doo Project", a parody of the The Blair Witch Project, gave similar
treatments to the Scooby gang. However, there were less successful efforts at
such revivals. A Day in the Life of Ranger Smith
and Boo Boo Runs Wild (1999) were short cartoons
featuring new takes on Yogi Bear's supporting cast by John
Kricfalusi. Their style of humor, sexual content and break in tone from the
source material was rather out of place among the rest of the Cartoon Network
shows, and the network rarely found a place for them in its programming.
In 1994, Hanna-Barbera's new division Cartoon Network Studios was founded and
started production on What
a Cartoon! (also known as World Premiere Toons and Cartoon
Cartoons). This show debuted in 1995, offering original animated shorts
commissioned from Hanna-Barbera and various independent animators. The network
promoted the series as an attempt to return to the "classic days" of
studio animation, offering full animator control, high budgets, and no limited
animation. The project was spearheaded by Cartoon Network executives, plus John
Kricfalusi and Fred Seibert. Kricfalusi was the creator of The Ren & Stimpy Show and served
as an advisor to the network, while Seibert was formerly one of the driving
forces behind Nickelodeon's Nicktoons and would go on to produce the similar animation
anthology series Oh Yeah! Cartoons and Random!
Cartoons.
Cartoon Network was able to assess the
potential of certain shorts to serve as pilots for spin-off series and signed
contracts with their creators to create ongoing series.[14]
Dexter's Laboratory was the most popular
short series according to a vote held in 1995 and eventually became the first spin-off of What a Cartoon! in 1996. Three
more series based on shorts debuted from 1997 to 1999: Johnny
Bravo, Cow and Chicken, I Am
Weasel (the latter two as segments of the same show; I Am Weasel
was later spun off into a separate show), The Powerpuff Girls, Courage the Cowardly Dog, and Mike,
Lu & Og. The unrelated series Ed,
Edd n Eddy was also launched in 1999, creating a line-up of critically
acclaimed shows. Many of these series
premiered bearing the "Cartoon Cartoons" brand, airing throughout the
network's schedule and prominently on Cartoon Cartoon Fridays, which became the
marquee night for premieres of new episodes and series beginning on June 11, 1999.
These
original series were intended to appeal to a wider audience than the average Saturday morning cartoon. Linda
Simensky, vice president of original animation, reminded adults and teenage
girls that cartoons could appeal to them as well. Kevin Sandler's article of
them claimed that these cartoons were both less "bawdy" than
their counterparts at Comedy Central and less "socially responsible" than their
counterparts at Nickelodeon. Sandler pointed to the whimsical
rebelliousness, high rate of exaggeration and self-consciousness of the overall
output, each individual series managed.
In 1996, Turner Broadcasting System merged
with Time
Warner (ironically, Time Warner's predecessor Warner Communications had created rival Nickelodeon,
now owned by Viacom,
in 1977). The merger consolidated ownership of all the Warner Bros. cartoons,
allowing the post-July 1948 and the former Sunset-owned black-and-white cartoons (which
Warner Bros. had reacquired in the 1960s) releases to be shown on the network.
Although most of the post-July 1948 cartoons were still contracted to be shown
on Nickelodeon and ABC, the network would not air them
until September 1999 (from Nickelodeon) and October 2000 (from ABC), however,
the majority of the post-July 1948 cartoons that were shown on its now-sibling
broadcast network The WB's Kids' WB
block began airing on Cartoon Network in January 1997. Newer animated
productions by Warner Bros.' animation subsidiary also started appearing on the
network – mostly reruns of shows that had aired on Kids' WB and some from Fox Kids,
along with certain new programs such as Justice League.
Cartoon Network's programming would not be
available in Canada until 1997, when a Canadian specialty
channel called Teletoon and its French language counterpart launched.
In
1997, Cartoon Network launched a new action block entitled Toonami. Its
lineup consisted of action cartoons and anime, such as Sailor
Moon, Tenchi Muyo!, Gundam
Wing, and Dragon Ball Z. Toonami was hosted by Moltar from
the Space Ghost franchise until 1999, where Toonami was later hosted by
its own original character, a robot named "T.O.M.".
2000s
One
new original series premiered in 2000: Sheep in the Big City. On April 1, Cartoon
Network launched a digital cable and satellite channel known as Boomerang, which was spun off from one of
their programming blocks that featured retro animated series and shorts.
Three
new original series premiered in 2001: Time Squad,
Samurai
Jack, and Grim & Evil. On June 18, Betty
Cohen, who had served as Cartoon Network's president since its founding,
left due to creative disagreements with Jamie
Kellner, then-head of Turner Broadcasting. On August 22, Jim
Samples was appointed general manager and Executive Vice President of the
network, replacing Cohen. Adult Swim debuted on September 2, with an episode of Home Movies; the block initially aired
on Sunday nights, with a repeat telecast on Thursdays. The initial lineup
consisted of Harvey Birdman: Attorney at Law,
Sealab
2021, The Brak Show, Aqua Teen Hunger Force, and Space Ghost Coast to Coast.
In
2002, Whatever Happened to... Robot
Jones? and Codename: Kids Next Door premiered;
the former was short-lived, but the latter became a juggernaut for the network
in the mid-2000s. The first theatrical film based on a Cartoon Network series, The Powerpuff Girls Movie, was
released on July 3, 2002. It received generally positive reviews from critics
and grossed $16.4 million globally on a budget of $11 million. On October 1 of
that year, Cartoon Network celebrated their tenth anniversary, with a montage
showcasing the network's various phases over the years.
2003
saw the debuts of The Grim Adventures of Billy
& Mandy and Evil
Con Carne, both spinoffs of Grim & Evil. On October 3, the
Cartoon Cartoon Fridays block was rebooted in a live-action format as "Fridays",
hosted by Tommy Snider and Nzinga Blake (2003–2004), the latter of which was
later replaced by Tara Sands (2005–2007). It aired several new Cartoon Network
series, most of which did not bear the "Cartoon Cartoon" sub-brand.
Cartoon Network's second logo, used in
various forms and styles from June 14, 2004 to May 28, 2010.
In
2004, Cartoon Network premiered three new original series: Megas XLR,
Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends,
and Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi. On June 14, Cartoon
Network debuted an updated version of its original logo (with the checkerboard
motif retained and the "C" and "N" being the centerpiece)
and a new sl The bumpers introduced as part of the rebrand
featured 2D cartoon characters from its shows
interacting in a CGI city composed of sets from their
shows. By now, nearly all of Cartoon Network's classic programming had been
relocated to its sister network Boomerang to make way for new programming.
2005
saw the debuts of three more original series: The Life and Times of Juniper Lee,
Camp
Lazlo, and Ben 10 at the end of that same year. On August 22,
Cartoon Network launched a block aimed at the preschool demographic known as Tickle
U; shows on the block included Gordon the Garden Gnome, Harry and His Bucket Full of
Dinosaurs, Peppa Pig, Firehouse
Tales, and Gerald McBoing-Boing. The
block was largely unsuccessful, and was discontinued in 2007.
Three
new Cartoon Network original series premiered in 2006: My Gym Partner's a Monkey, Squirrel
Boy, and Class of 3000 (the former two of which first
aired "sneak peek" episodes in 2005). Three made-for-TV movies
debuted this year: Codename: Kids Next Door –
Operation Z.E.R.O., Foster's Home
for Imaginary Friends: Good Wilt Hunting, and Re-Animated,
the latter of which was the network's first live-action TV movie and a
collaboration between live-action and animation. By this point, most of the
network's older Cartoon Cartoons (such as Dexter's Laboratory and The
Powerpuff Girls) could be viewed in segments on a half-hour block known as The
Cartoon Cartoon Show.
Samples resigned from his post on February 9,
2007, following a bomb scare in Boston caused by packages left
around the city that were part of an outdoor marketing campaign promoting the
Adult Swim series Aqua Teen Hunger Force. On May 2, Stuart Snyder was
named Samples' successor.
On
September 1, the network's look was revamped, with bumpers and station IDs
themed to The
Hives song "Fall is Just Something That Grown-Ups Invented."
2007 saw the debut of Out of Jimmy's Head, a spin-off of the
movie Re-Animated, and the first live-action Cartoon Network series. In
late 2007, the network also began airing importing more programs from Canadian channel Teletoon, including George of the Jungle, 6teen, Chaotic, Bakugan Battle Brawlers, Stoked, and the Total
Drama series. Each October from 2007 to 2009, Cartoon Network also
reran 40 episodes of the former Fox Kids series Goosebumps.
Cartoon
Network announced at its 2008 upfront that it was working on a new project
called The Cartoonstitute, which was headed by
animators Craig McCracken as executive producer and Rob
Renzetti as supervising producer. Both reported to Rob Scorcher, who
created the idea. It would have worked similar to What
a Cartoon!, by creating at least 150 pieces of animation within 20
months. Cartoonstitute was eventually cancelled,[citation needed] and out of all
the shorts, two or three, Regular
Show, Secret Mountain Fort Awesome and Uncle
Grandpa, were selected, after animator Craig McCracken (creator of The
Powerpuff Girls and Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends) left the
network after 15 years in 2009.
On September
20, 2008, Cartoon Network ended Toonami after its 11-year run. Also in 2008,
Cartoon Network began airing animated shorts that served as interstitials
between programs, called Wedgies, which included The Talented Mr.
Bixby, Nacho Bear, Big Baby and The Burmeno Avenue
Experience. The Wedgies shorts ran from 2008 to 2009, with a second run in
2010; the shorts were discontinued afterward, although reruns can still be
seen on Boomerang as of March 2013. On July 14,
2008, the network took on a refreshed look created by Tristan Eaton and was
animated by Crew972.
The bumpers of that era had white, faceless characters called Noods, based on
the DIY toy, Munny.
The standard network logo was then completely white, adopting different colors
based on the occasion in the same style.
In
June 2009, Cartoon Network introduced a block of live-action reality shows
called "CN Real", featuring programs such as The
Othersiders, Survive This, BrainRush,
Destroy Build Destroy, Dude, What Would Happen and Bobb'e
Says.[30]
The network also aired some limited sports programming, including basketball
recaps and Slamball
games, during commercial breaks. That year, it also started airing live-action
feature films from Warner Bros. and New
Line Cinema.
2010s
A variation of the network's current
logo which resembles its original logo, used as of 2010.
A new
identity for the channel was introduced on May 29, 2010, along with a new theme
and new bumpers. The network's current branding, designed by Brand
New School, makes heavy use of the black and white checkerboard which made
up the network's first logo (and was carried over in a minimized form to the
second logo), as well as various CMYK color variations and various patterns. On December 27,
2010, Adult Swim expanded by one hour, moving its start time from 10 p.m. to 9
p.m. ET.]
In February 2011, Cartoon Network aired its first sports award show, called Hall of Game Awards, hosted that year by
professional skateboarder Tony Hawk.
At its
2011 upfront, Cartoon Network announced 14 new series, including Adventure
Time, Regular Show, The Problem Solverz (originally planned for
Adult Swim, but switched to CN for being "too cute"), The Looney Tunes Show, Secret Mountain Fort Awesome, Level Up (a scripted live-action comedy
series with a 90-minute precursor film), Tower Prep,
Green Lantern, Dragons: Riders of Berk (a series based
on the DreamWorks film, How to Train Your Dragon), The Amazing World of Gumball, Total Drama: Revenge of the Island,
the 4th season of Total Drama; ThunderCats, Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu and
Ben 10: Omniverse. The network announced it
planned to debut a new block called DC Nation, that would focus on the
titular heroes, the first being Green Lantern.
After
announcing two new live-action shows in Unnatural History and Tower Prep,
which were both cancelled after their first seasons, Cartoon Network acquired
the game show, Hole in the Wall. By the end
of 2011, Hole in the Wall and the final two CN Real shows, Destroy
Build Destroy and Dude, What Would Happen? were removed from Cartoon
Network's schedule completely. In 2012, Cartoon Network acquired the television
rights to the web series, The Annoying Orange and added
it to its primetime lineup.
On
February 2, 2012, Corus Entertainment and Astral
Media, owners of Teletoon, announced they would launch a Canadian
version of Cartoon Network that also includes a
version of the U.S. network's Adult Swim nighttime block. The channel launched
on July 4, 2012.
On
March 18, 2012, Cartoon Network aired its first documentary, Speak Up,
an anti-bullying campaign featuring a special appearance by President Barack
Obama. On April 28, 2013, the network aired the CNN half-hour
documentary The Bully Effect, which details the story of teenager Alex
Libby and his struggle with bullying in high school. The special is based on
the 2011 film Bully directed by Lee
Hirsch
To
celebrate the 20th anniversary of Cartoon Network, the Cartoon
Planet block was revived on March 30, 2012, now airing the channel's
original programming from the late 1990s through mid-2000s.From October 1 to
November 4, 2012, Cartoon Network celebrated its 20th birthday, airing birthday
and party-themed reruns of its shows.
In
2012, Cartoon Network announced new programming for the upcoming year,
including the live-action series Incredible
Crew; the animated series Teen Titans Go!, Uncle
Grandpa, Steven Universe, I Heart Tuesdays, Clarence, Total Drama: All-Stars, Grojband, Beware
the Batman, The Tom and Jerry Show,
and Legends of Chima; and a new Powerpuff Girls special, the latter of
which aired on January 20, 2014.
On May
20, 2013, Cartoon Network gave a refresh to its look by adding new bumpers,
graphics, and sounds. The background used in its promos and bumpers was also
changed from black to white.
On March 6, 2014, Stuart Snyder was confirmed
to have been removed as president and COO of Turner's Animation, Young Adults
& Kids Media division after company changes.] On July 16, 2014, Christina Miller was named his
successor as president and general manager of Cartoon Network, Adult Swim and
Boomerang.[
On
March 31, 2014, Cartoon Network's 8pm ET/PT primetime hour was given to its
night time block Adult Swim, causing new episodes of the network's programming
to change timeslots.
On
October 21, 2014, Cartoon Network, along with CNN and Boomerang, were taken off
the Dish
Network in the United States after Turner Broadcasting declined to renew
its contract with the Dish Network. The
channels were restored on November 21, 2014.
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